Vishay Intertechnology Fixed Capacitors 2,400+

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Part	Manufacturer	Capacitor Type	Mounting Feature	Capacitance	Rated DC Voltage (URdc)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Dielectric Material	Tan Delta	Minimum Operating Temperature	Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel)	Terminal Finish	Leakage Current (mA)	Package Shape	Polarity	Manufacturer Series	Height	Width	Ripple Current (mA)	Diameter	Multi-layer	Equivalent Series Resistance / ESR (mohm )	Additional Features	Packing Method	Size Code	JESD-609 Code	Series	No. of Terminals	Package Style (Meter)	Rated AC Voltage (URac)	Length	Terminal Shape	Positive Tolerance	Temperature Characteristics Code	Reference Standard	Negative Tolerance	Custom Capabilities	Terminal Pitch
VJ0805Y105KXXTW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1 uF	25 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			1.25 mm	1.25 mm			Yes			TR, Plastic, 7 Inch	0805	e3		2	SMT		2 mm	WRAPAROUND	10 %	X7R		10 %
293D476X9010B2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	47 uF	10 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.0047	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		1.9 mm	2.8 mm	88			1800	RIPPLE CURRENT AND ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1411	e3		2	SMT		3.5 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
94SVP475X0010A5	Vishay Intertechnology	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	4.7 uF	10 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.08	-55 Cel		SILVER	.0235	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED		5.5 mm	4.3 mm	660			260	ESR MEASURED AT 100KHZ-300KHZ	TR	2017	e4		2	SMT		5 mm	FLAT	20 %			20 %
VJ0603Y103KXAAC31	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.01 uF	50 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.97 mm	.8 mm			Yes			TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	0603	e3		2	SMT		1.6 mm	WRAPAROUND	10 %	X7R	AEC-Q200	10 %
293D105X9035B2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.04	-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier	0.0005	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		1.9 mm	2.8 mm	52			5000	RIPPLE CURRENT AND ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1411	e3		2	SMT		3.5 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
MKT1813-610-015	Vishay Intertechnology	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	10 uF	100 V	100 Cel	POLYESTER		-55 Cel		Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier								16.5 mm			IEC60384-2	BULK		e3		2	Axial		31.5 mm	WIRE	10 %			10 %
VJ0402Y103KXJAC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.01 uF	16 V	150 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.6 mm	.5 mm			Yes			TR, PAPER, 7 INCH	0402	e3		2	SMT		1 mm	WRAPAROUND	10 %	X7R		10 %
VJ0603Y104JXJCW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.1 uF	16 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.8 mm	.8 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0603	e3		2	SMT		1.6 mm	WRAPAROUND	5 %	X7R		5 %
VY1222M47Y5UQ6TV0	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	.0022 uF	1500 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-40 Cel	-56/+22%	MATTE TIN		DISK PACKAGE			12 mm	5 mm			No		SAFETY CLASS Y1	TR, 14 Inch		e3		2	Radial	500 V	12 mm	WIRE	20 %	Y5U	CQC; CSA; IEC60384-14; UL	20 %		10 mm
MAL202119471E3	Vishay Intertechnology	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	470 uF	100 V	85 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.09	-40 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.098	TUBULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED				980	18 mm	No	310		BULK		e3		2	Axial		30 mm	WIRE	20 %			20 %
VJ0603G105KXYCW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	1 uF	6.3 V	85 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.8 mm	.8 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0603	e3		2	SMT		1.6 mm	WRAPAROUND	10 %	X5R		10 %
M39003/03-0161H	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	150 uF	20 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.08	-55 Cel		TIN LEAD	0.02	TUBULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED					8.92 mm				Bulk		e0		2	Axial		19.96 mm	WIRE	10 %		MIL-PRF-39003/03	10 %
293D226X9035D2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	22 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.0077	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.8 mm	4.3 mm	200			600	RIPPLE CURRENT AND ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
94SL475X0016BBP	Vishay Intertechnology	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	4.7 uF	16 V	105 Cel	ALUMINUM (SOLID POLYMER)	0.05	-55 Cel		Silver (Ag)	.0015	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED	94SL			180	5 mm		250	ESR MEASURED AT 100KHZ-300KHZ	BULK		e4	94SL	2	Radial		5 mm	WIRE	20 %			20 %		2 mm
293D226X9035E2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	22 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.0077	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		4 mm	4.3 mm	228			600	RIPPLE CURRENT AND ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
595D476X9035R2T	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	47 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.0165	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		3.5 mm	6 mm	940			280	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2824	e3		2	SMT		7.2 mm	WRAPAROUND	10 %			10 %
BFC237076105	Vishay Intertechnology	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	1 uF	63 V	100 Cel	POLYESTER		-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			11 mm	6 mm						AMMO PACK		e3		2	Radial	40 V	7.2 mm	WIRE	5 %		AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2	5 %		5.08 mm
VJ2220Y222KXUSTX1	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.0022 uF	2000 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier					2.18 mm	5.08 mm			Yes		SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2	TR, PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2220	e3		2	SMT	250 V	5.59 mm	WRAPAROUND	10 %	X7R	IEC60384-14	10 %
VJ0805Y104KXXCW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.1 uF	25 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.8 mm	1.25 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0805	e3		2	SMT		2 mm	WRAPAROUND	10 %	X7R		10 %
MKT1813-468-065	Vishay Intertechnology	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	.68 uF	63 V	100 Cel	POLYESTER		-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)		TUBULAR PACKAGE						6.5 mm			IEC60384-2	BULK		e3		2	Axial		19 mm	WIRE	10 %			10 %
MKP1847610354P4	Vishay Intertechnology	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	10 uF	700 V	105 Cel	POLYPROPYLENE		-40 Cel		Tin (Sn)					44 mm	24 mm								e3		4	PCB Mount	350 V	42 mm	WIRE	5 %		IEC61071, IEC60068	5 %
MKT1820615014	Vishay Intertechnology	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	100 V	125 Cel	POLYESTER		-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			21 mm	11 mm						BULK		e3		2	Radial	63 V	32 mm	WIRE	5 %		AEC-Q200	5 %		27.5 mm
MKT1820615016	Vishay Intertechnology	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	15 uF	100 V	125 Cel	POLYESTER		-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			21 mm	11 mm						BULK		e3		2	Radial	63 V	32 mm	WIRE	20 %		AEC-Q200	20 %		27.5 mm
BFC233824104	Vishay Intertechnology	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	.1 uF	800 V	110 Cel	POLYPROPYLENE		-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			12 mm	6 mm						BULK		e3		2	Radial	310 V	12.5 mm	WIRE	20 %		CQC; CSA; CUL; IEC60384-14; UL	20 %		10 mm
564R30GASS10	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	.01 uF	3000 V	105 Cel	CERAMIC		-25 Cel	-82/+22%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		DISK PACKAGE		564R	23.1 mm	4.7 mm			No		FLAME PROOF	Bulk	7219	e3	564R (2-7.5KV)	2	Radial		18.3 mm	WIRE	20 %	Y5V		20 %		9.5 mm
M39006/30-0078	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	270 uF	15 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (WET)	0.16	-55 Cel		Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	0.002	TUBULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED					9.53 mm		710				e0		2	Axial		19.46 mm	WIRE	5 %		MIL-PRF-39006/30	5 %
562R5GAS10	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	.01 uF	1000 V	105 Cel	CERAMIC		-25 Cel	-56/+22%	MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		DISK PACKAGE			12.4 mm	4 mm			No		FLAME PROOF	Bulk		e3		2	Radial		12.4 mm	WIRE	20 %	Z5U		20 %		9.5 mm
VJ0402A101JXACW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.0001 uF	50 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	30ppm/Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.5 mm	.5 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0402	e3		2	SMT		1 mm	WRAPAROUND	5 %	C0G		5 %
293D106X9050E2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10 uF	50 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.005	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		4 mm	4.3 mm	180			800	RIPPLE CURRENT AND ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
293D106X9035C2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.0035	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.5 mm	3.2 mm	104			1600	RIPPLE CURRENT AND ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2312	e3		2	SMT		6 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
WKP472MCPEJ0KR	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	.0047 uF		125 Cel	CERAMIC		-40 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL		DISK PACKAGE			18 mm	6 mm			No		SAFETY CLASS X1	BULK		e3		2	Radial	760 V	18 mm	WIRE	20 %	Y5U	CSA, IEC60384-14, UL	20 %		12.5 mm
VJ0603A100JXACW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.00001 uF	50 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	30ppm/Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.8 mm	.8 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0603	e3		2	SMT		1.6 mm	WRAPAROUND	5 %	C0G		5 %
293D227X9010D2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	220 uF	10 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.08	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.022	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.8 mm	4.3 mm	200			600	RIPPLE CURRENT AND ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	10 %			10 %
594D686X0025R2T	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	68 uF	25 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.017	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		3.5 mm	6 mm	1620			95	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, Embossed Plastic, 7 Inch	2824	e3		2	SMT		7.2 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %			20 %
ST330-75T3KI	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	330 uF	75 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (WET)		-55 Cel		Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)	0.003	CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE	POLARIZED				819	10.31 mm		1000	RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 85CEL	Tray		e0		2	Axial		19.46 mm	WIRE	10 %			10 %
VJ1206Y102KXACW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.001 uF	50 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.8 mm	1.6 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	1206	e3		2	SMT		3.2 mm	WRAPAROUND	10 %	X7R		10 %
VJ0805A102GXACW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.001 uF	50 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	30ppm/Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.8 mm	1.25 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0805	e3		2	SMT		2 mm	WRAPAROUND	2 %	C0G		2 %
VJ0805Y104JXACW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.1 uF	50 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.8 mm	1.25 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0805	e3		2	SMT		2 mm	WRAPAROUND	5 %	X7R		5 %
VY1102M35Y5UQ6TV0	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	.001 uF	1500 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-40 Cel	-56/+22%	MATTE TIN		DISK PACKAGE			9 mm	5 mm			No		SAFETY CLASS Y1	TR, 14 Inch		e3		2	Radial	500 V	9 mm	WIRE	20 %	Y5U	CQC; CSA; IEC60384-14; UL	20 %		10 mm
VJ0402Y103KXACW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.01 uF	50 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.5 mm	.5 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0402	e3		2	SMT		1 mm	WRAPAROUND	10 %	X7R		10 %
VJ0603Y104KXAAC31X	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.1 uF	50 V	150 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	15%	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier					.97 mm	.8 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0603	e3		2	SMT		1.6 mm	WRAPAROUND	10 %	X7R	AEC-Q200	10 %
BFC237011224	Vishay Intertechnology	FILM CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	.22 uF	63 V	100 Cel	POLYESTER		-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			8 mm	3.5 mm						BULK		e3		2	Radial	40 V	7.2 mm	WIRE	10 %		AEC-Q200, IEC60384-2	10 %		5.08 mm
TL8A0107M010D	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	100 uF	10 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.5	-55 Cel		Tin (Sn)	0.1		POLARIZED		1 mm	1.6 mm	35.6			7000	ESR AND RIPPLE CURRENT IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	1206	e3		2	SMT		3.2 mm	WRAPAROUND	20 %			20 %
293D106X0035D2TE3	Vishay Intertechnology	TANTALUM CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	10 uF	35 V	125 Cel	TANTALUM (DRY/SOLID)	0.06	-55 Cel		MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL	0.0035	RECTANGULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED		2.8 mm	4.3 mm	172			800	RIPPLE CURRENT AND ESR IS MEASURED AT 100KHZ	TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH	2917	e3		2	SMT		7.3 mm	J BEND	20 %			20 %
M39014/052050	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR		.0047 uF	100 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel						M39014/05	4.8 mm	2.3 mm							1909		M39014/05	2	Axial		4.8 mm						Tape & Reel Available	5.1 mm
VJ0805A102JXACW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.001 uF	50 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	30ppm/Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.8 mm	1.25 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0805	e3		2	SMT		2 mm	WRAPAROUND	5 %	C0G		5 %
MAL202118471E3	Vishay Intertechnology	ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR	THROUGH HOLE MOUNT	470 uF	63 V	85 Cel	ALUMINUM (WET)	0.08	-40 Cel		MATTE TIN	0.063	TUBULAR PACKAGE	POLARIZED				700	12.5 mm	No	287		BULK		e3		2	Axial		30 mm	WIRE	20 %			20 %
VJ0402A100JXACW1BC	Vishay Intertechnology	CERAMIC CAPACITOR	SURFACE MOUNT	.00001 uF	50 V	125 Cel	CERAMIC		-55 Cel	30ppm/Cel	Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier		RECTANGULAR PACKAGE			.5 mm	.5 mm			Yes			TR, Paper, 7 Inch	0402	e3		2	SMT		1 mm	WRAPAROUND	5 %	C0G		5 %

Fixed Capacitors

Fixed capacitors are electronic components that have a fixed capacitance value that cannot be changed. They are used in electronic circuits to provide a specific capacitance value for a given application.

Fixed capacitors are made using a variety of dielectric materials, including ceramic, tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, polyester, and polypropylene. The choice of dielectric material depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as operating voltage, temperature range, and stability.

Fixed capacitors are available in a variety of shapes and sizes, such as through-hole, surface mount, and leaded types. They can also be classified based on their operating voltage, tolerance, and temperature coefficient.

Some common applications of fixed capacitors include decoupling, filtering, timing, and coupling circuits. In decoupling circuits, fixed capacitors are used to filter out unwanted high-frequency noise and ensure stable power supply operation. In timing circuits, fixed capacitors are used to set the time constant and determine the frequency of oscillation.

One of the main advantages of fixed capacitors is their stable capacitance value, which does not change over time or with changes in operating conditions. This makes them suitable for applications that require consistent and predictable performance.